نشریه تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی
پیاپی 52 (پاییز 1401)

Second to China, Iran has the most number of neighboring countries in the world; despite the fact, in the recent years, having the lowest levels of economic interaction with its neighboring countries, Iran has lost this advantage under the heavy shadow and legacy of using a discourse of divergence in its relationships with most of them. The single-dimensional nature of the post-revolution foreign policy of Iran in its neighborhood policy is criticized as resulting in more failures and hopelessness in its cross-border relationships, and, more importantly, making the development of the country out of reach. The main question of the present research is that, “in the sensitive circumstances of today, what a universal approach to Iran´s neighborhood policy can be developed. By assuming that on the geographical levels of foreign policy, it is of necessity to reconstruct foreign policy by choosing from four geographical levels (neighborhood, regional, cross-regional, and international), the present research attempted to recreate the concepts of neighborhood policy. The theoretical framework of the research was developed by the researcher based on the concepts in neighborhood policy including geographical and political concepts.Relying on David's Strategic Management, the present research is based on the method of step by.

Citizenship rights are a combination of duties and responsibilities of society members towards one another, society and state. In cases such as threats to national security, governments may serve these threats as a ground for restrictions on these rights. In enforcing this restriction States must adhere to legislative principles such as proportionality and non-discrimination. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the European countries have tried to restrict civil rights. The main question is how fighting terrorism has affected Citizenship rights in Europe? Using the explanatory method and with the aim of enriching the research literature on the current situation of civil rights in the light of the anti-terrorist policies of European countries, the results of the study show that in the State of Exception, the provision of security through preventive use of criminal justice in reality, results in ignoring many of the fundamental rights and freedom of individuals and minority groupsIncluding Muslims.

Despite the unprecedented ups and downs experienced by Iran and Syria in recent years, the strategic relations between Iran and Syria are considered to be a perfect example of the most unbreakable bilateral relations in the security environment of West Asia, which in the post-crisis environment requires more special role-playing, management and engineering than before in order to consolidate the achievements. . The current research aims to investigate and analyze the foreign policy of the Republic of Iran in Syria in the post-ISIS era, and has raised the question, "How are Iran's behavioral requirements for the post-crisis management of Syria evaluated?" Using the method of descriptive and library study and as a possible answer, the present research proposes the hypothesis that despite the success of the Islamic Republic of Iran in preventing the fall of the political system under the guidance of " Bashar Assad", the continuation of the obtained political-military achievements requires a comprehensive strategy based on the internal considerations of the Syrian society based on common cultural, religious and geopolitical interests and characteristics.

Iran and Turkey have a unique geopolitical and geostrategic position in the region. The Syrian crisis affected the regional equations and the relations of the countries of the region, including Iran and Turkey. The developments in Syria affected and changed the framework of relations between Iran and Turkey as a regional power. Therefore, the main question is raised, what effect have the developments in Syria had on the regional relations between Iran and Turkey in order to become a regional power? In this article, it is tried to investigate and analyze the dimensions of the above issue and question in the framework of regional power balance theory and using descriptive-analytical methods. The findings of the current research show that the developments in the Arab world, especially the developments in Syria, have intensified the regional competition between Iran and Turkey, in the form of the formation of regional and trans-regional alliances and alliances with the environment of Iran and Syria, Syria and Russia, which in one On the other side of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Salafi groups were located. Also, Turkey's inability in this direction led to the promotion of Iran's regional position and the modification of Turkey's regional policy.

In recent years, Russia's soft power has attracted the attention of many Central Eurasian researchers. Actions taken by Russia to develop relations with Central Asian countries are usually called soft power. The using Russia's soft power policy in Central Asia can be examined from different dimensions. Therefore, the article's central question is how Russia's use of soft power tools in Central Asia has influenced the foreign policy of the countries in the region. The hypothesis of the article is that Russia's use of soft power tools has led to the intellectual alignment of Central Asian leaders with Russia and their greater cooperation with the country's foreign policy goals. In this research, by using the theory of neoclassical realism and explanatory-analytical research method, the logic of using Russia's soft power in Central Asia, the efficiency of Russia's strategy in the Central Asia region, and the reasons and factors that determine Russia's soft power in the region have been discussed. It is the findings of this research show that transnational personal relations act as Moscow's main mechanism to influence the direction of the foreign policy of Central Asian countries.

The main question of the research, which was investigated with the aim of identifying and explaining identity factors affecting Iran-US relations, is "what are the causes and identity factors of conflict in Iran-US relations." And in response to the mentioned question, the proposed hypothesis is that the contradiction and opposition in the desire for identity and independence caused by Iran's national and Islamic culture on the one hand and hegemonic with a one-sided view and the liberal attitude of the United States, on the other hand, have caused conflict in the relations between the two countries and created It has made peaceful relations with mutual respect very difficult.This article, using the analytical-comparative method and within the framework of constructivist theory, tried to explore and identify the identity factors of Iran and America, investigate and compare the corresponding and at the same time opposite identity factors of the two countries, and the general result of which is That: this approach has a good capacity to understand the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran vis. a. vis America due to its meaning-oriented approach and attention to norms and identity concepts.Keywords: identity factors, conflict,. identity, Iran, America